Anti-phospho-Akt, (Ser473) (Rac PKa, PKBa)

Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), a serine/ threonine kinase, is a critical enzyme in several signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and diabetes. Akt is activated following its phosphorylation at two regulatory residues. Phosphorylation of threonine on the kinase domain, catalyzed by PDK1, is essential for Akt activation. Akt activity is augmented approximately 10-fold by phosphorylation at the serine on the hydrophobic motif by PDK2. Phosphorylation of Thr308 and Ser473 activates Akt alpha. Phosphorylation at Thr309 and Ser474 on Akt beta1 and beta2, and on Thr305 on Akt gamma result in their activation. Akt promotes cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis by phosphorylating and inactivating several targets, including Bad, forkhead transcription factors, c-Raf and caspase-9. The activation of Akt is negatively regulated by PTEN, a PIP3 specific phosphatase, and SHIP, a SH2-domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: 0.05-0.2ug/ml, Western Blot: 0.5-2.0ug/ml, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.