Anti-human TNF-alpha

The monoclonal antibody 52B83 reacts with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). TNF-alpha is a homotrimeric 17 kDa protein, that interacts with either one of the two types of TNF-receptors, termed I and II, leading to receptor cross-linking and signal transduction. The receptors differ strongly in their intra-cellular signaling pathways. TNF-alpha was originally described as a highly cytotoxic cytokine for tumor cells, it causes tumor necrosis in vivo and shows cytolytic activity against tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore,- TNF-alpha is found to be a central mediator in many inflammatory and immunological processes. It can be induced by various products of micro-organisms and by various cytokines leading to expression of a wide variety of- cytokines. The pro-inflammatory properties of- TNF-alpha play a central role in several auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inhibition by neutralizing molecules have been shown to be beneficial in patients. Protein function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:22517918). [The UniProt Consortium]