Anti-Human TLR1 (Clone: GD2.F4)

The monoclonal antibody 10-3514 reacts with human TLR1. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and play an essential role in recognizing conserved motifs found in various pathogens and initiating an appropriate innate immune response. In human, ten members of the TLR family have been identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors containing multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and an interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Mammalian responsiveness to microbial products may be mediated by combinations of TLRs, for example a co-operative effect is observed between TLR1 and TLR2- in response to bacterial lipoproteins. On the other hand, TLR 1 was shown to have the capacity to abrogate TLR4 signaling. In general, TLR1 is expressed at higher levels as compared to other TLRs. The highest expression of TLR1 is found in monocytes but it can also be expressed by macrophages, dendritic cells, B, T, and NK cells. In recent studies, several human TLR1 polymorphisms have been associated with impaired mycobacterial signaling and susceptibility to tuberculosis. Protein function: Participates in the innate immune response to microbial agents. Specifically recognizes diacylated and triacylated lipopeptides. Cooperates with TLR2 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides (PubMed:21078852). Forms the activation cluster TLR2:TLR1:CD14 in response to triacylated lipopeptides, this cluster triggers signaling from the cell surface and subsequently is targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway (PubMed:16880211). Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. [The UniProt Consortium]