Daunorubicin, Hydrochloride Salt

Soluble in DMSO. Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is an anthracycline antibiotic that is one of the major antitumor agents widely used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Daunomycin and Actinomycin reduced mitotic activity and thymidine incorporation, whereas both processes appeared less affected by N-acetyldaunomycin. All three antibiotics inhibited nucleolar RNA synthesis at low doses. Di Marco A., et al. 'Inhibiting effect of the new cytotoxic antibiotic daunomycin on nucleic acids and mitotic activity of HeLa cells.' J. Cell Biol. 27: 545-550 (1965). Cytotoxicity mediated by daunorubicin is the result of drug-induced damage to DNA. Cell responses to daunorubicin are regulated by multiple signaling events, including a sphingomyelinase-initiated sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway, mitogen-activated kinase and stress-activated protein/c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, and the Fas/Fas-ligand system. Laurent G. and Jaffrezou J.P. 'Signaling pathways activated by daunorubicin.' Blood 98: 913-924 (2001).