BIOMOL Online June 2007
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MAPK Phosphatases
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MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) comprise a group of dual specificity phosphatases which negatively regulate the MAP Kinases, dephosphorylating both the phosphotyrosine and the phosphothreonine in the -pTXpY- activation-loop motif. MKPs regulate both the intensity and duration of MAPK signaling and are attractive drug discovery targets for manipulating MAPK-dependent immune responses (REF 1).
1. K.L. Jeffrey et al. Targeting dual-specificity phosphatases: manipulating MAP kinase signalling and immune responses. Nat. Rev. Drug Disc. 2007 6 391
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| MKPs consist of a kinase-binding domain and a phosphatase domain and exhibit little phosphatase activity in the absence of their physiological substrates. MKP binding to a specific MAPK results in enzymatic activation of the phosphatase in a substrate-induced activation mechanism. BIOMOL offers active MKPs expressed both alone and together with their physiological substrates. |
| MKP-1 (Cat. # SE-439) |
MKP-5 (Cat. # SE-467) |
| MKP-1/p38 (Cat. # SE-440) |
MKP-5/p38 (Cat. # SE-468) |
| MKP-2 (Cat. # SE-462) |
MKP-6 (Cat. # SE-489) |
| MKP-2/Erk1 (Cat. # SE-463) |
MKP-6/Erk1 (Cat. # SE-490) |
| MKP-3 (Cat. # SE-464) |
MKP-7 (Cat. # SE-495) |
| MKP-3/Erk1 (Cat. # SE-461) |
MKP-7/p38 (Cat. # SE-496) |
| MKP-3/p38 (Cat. # SE-455) |
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| Ubiquitin antibody HRP conjugates |
Over the past seven years BIOMOL products PW8805 (clone FK1) and PW8810 (clone FK2) have become the most widely used ubiquitin chain-reactive antibodies. These antibodies have found application in many areas of investigation and there is a substantial associated bibliography (available upon request). BIOMOL scientists have conjugated these antibodies to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), providing antibodies with greatly enhanced sensitivity in western blotting applications as shown in the figure below.
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Lanes A-D: K48-linked multiubiquitin chains (UW8860; 0.5µg per lane). Lane A) probed with PW8805 (clone FK1; 1µg/mL); B) probed with PW0145 (FK1H; 1µg/mL); C) probed with PW8810 (clone FK2; 1µg/mL); D) probed with PW0150 (FK2HTM; 1µg/mL). Note the enhanced sensitivity with the HRP conjugates PW0145 and PW0150 in lanes B and D. |
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Anti-Polyubiquitinylated Conjugates, HRP Conjugate (FK1H) (Cat. # PW0145)
FK1 is a monoclonal antibody (subclass: IgM) that recognizes only polyubiquitinylated proteins but not monoubiquitinylated proteins or free ubiquitin. |
Anti-Mono- and Polyubiquitinylated Conjugates, HRP Conjugate (FK2H) (Cat. #
PW0150)
FK2 is a monoclonal antibody (subclass: IgG1) that recognizes mono- and polyubiquitinylated proteins, but not free ubiquitin. |
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| EP3 receptor agonist |
Sulprostone (Cat. # RA-116)
Selective EP3 prostanoid receptor agonist.
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| Kinases |
BIOMOL Offers over 110 recombinant kinases!
click here for a complete listing
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AMPK (human, recombinant) (Cat. # SE-491)
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) system acts as a sensor of cellular energy status. |
CDK5/p25 (human, recombinant) (Cat. # SE-471)
Phosphorylates tau and plays a role in neuronal apoptosis.
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PKCalpha (human, recombinant) (Cat. SE-494)
A calcium and DAG-sensitive PKC reported to play roles in cell adhesion, cell transformation, cell cycle checkpoint, and cell volume control.
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PLK1 (human, recombinant) (Cat. # SE-466)
PLK localizes to the mitotic spindle and PLK loss of function inhibits proliferation and viability. |
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| 14-3-3 Proteins |
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14-3-3 proteins are phosphobinding proteins known to influence a wide variety of cellular processes. While distinct functions for each of the seven human isoforms are still being defined, binding of 14-3-3 proteins generally causes a conformational change or steric hindrance of the bound partner resulting in diverse functional consequences including altered intracellular localization, inhibition of degradation, regulation of enzyme activity, or altered association of binding partners. Over 300 proteins from diverse signaling pathways have been identified to bind 14-3-3 proteins, including Raf family members, PKCs, IGF-1R, CDC25, BAD, class II HDACs and others. In addition, 14-3-3 sigma is directly implicated in cancer progression and may be an attractive target for new cancer therapeutics.
Protein blot of various extracts and casein using GST-tagged 14-3-3 beta. Lane 1) rat liver extract 2)PC12 cells + sorbitol 3) PC12 cells - sorbitol 4) casein 5) dephosphorylated casein. 14-3-3 beta detects changes in phosphorylation-state in casein and changes in PC12 cells treated with sorbitol, which induces ERK, JNK and p38 phosphorylation. |
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